.hero-header {
  position: relative;
  height: 100px;            /* change height if needed */
  background-image: url("static/header.jpg");
  background-size: contain;
  background-position: center;
  overflow: visible;
}
.hero-header .logo {
  position: absolute;
  top: 50%;
  left: 50%;
  transform: translate(-50%, -50%); /* perfect centering */
  max-height: 250%;  /* keep inside header */
  width: auto;
  z-index: 500;     /* above background */
}
.main-articles {
    position: relative;
    padding: 2rem 0;
    overflow: hidden;
}
.bg-layer {
    position: absolute;
    inset: 0;
    background: url('static/article.jpg') center / 100% 100% no-repeat;
    filter: blur(5px);
    transform: scale(1.1);
    z-index: -1;
    mask-image: linear-gradient(
        to top,
        rgba(0,0,0,1) 0%,
        rgba(0,0,0,1) 35%,
        rgba(0,0,0,0.4) 70%,
        rgba(0,0,0,0.15) 100%
    );
    -webkit-mask-image: linear-gradient(
        to top,
        rgba(0,0,0,1) 0%,
        rgba(0,0,0,1) 35%,
        rgba(0,0,0,0.4) 70%,
        rgba(0,0,0,0.15) 100%
    );
}
/* content always above */
.main-articles > .container {
    position: relative;
    z-index: 1;
}
.hover-navbar {
  position: absolute;   /* inside header */
  bottom: 0;            /* bottom-left corner */
  left: 0;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  padding: 0.5rem;
  background-color: transparent; /* transparent */
  z-index: 1000;
}
.hover-navbar .navbar-brand {
  color: #fff;
  font-weight: bold;
  font-size: 1.2rem;
}
.menu-trigger {
  width: 40px;
  height: 40px;
  background-color: #000; /* black square */
  cursor: pointer;
  border-radius: 4px;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  justify-content: space-around;
  align-items: center;
  padding: 6px;
  margin-left: 8px;
}
.menu-trigger span {
  display: block;
  width: 70%;      /* line width relative to square */
  height: 3px;
  background-color: #fff; /* white lines */
  border-radius: 2px;
}
.hover-menu {
  position: absolute;
  top: 45px;      /* below the square */
  left: 0;        /* aligned with square */
  opacity: 0;
  visibility: hidden;
  pointer-events: none;
  background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); /* dark vertical menu */
  border-radius: 4px;
  padding: 0.5rem 0;
  min-width: 150px;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  transition: opacity 0.25s ease, transform 0.25s ease;
  transform: translateY(-5px);
  z-index: 9999;   /* <-- make sure menu is on top */
}
.hover-menu .nav-link {
  color: #fff;
  display: block;
  padding: 0.5rem 1rem;
}
.menu-trigger:hover + .hover-menu,
.hover-menu:hover {
  opacity: 1;
  visibility: visible;
  pointer-events: auto;
  transform: translateY(0);
}
.social-icons-horizontal {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: row; /* horizontal layout */
    gap: 10px;           /* space between icons */
    align-items: center;  /* vertically center icons */
    justify-content: center; /* center icons horizontally in container */
    z-index: 10;          /* make sure icons are above background */
}
.social-icons-horizontal a {
  color: #333; /* icon color */
  margin: 10px 0; /* spacing between icons */
  font-size: 40px; /* larger icons */
  transition: color 0.3s, transform 0.3s;
}

.social-icons-horizontal a:hover {
  color: #ff0000; /* hover color (example red for YouTube) */
  transform: scale(1.2); /* slight grow effect */
}
/* Carousel Container */
.card-carousel {
  display: flex;
  overflow-x: auto; /* horizontal scroll */
  gap: 20px;
  scroll-snap-type: x mandatory; /* snap to each card */
  padding-bottom: 10px; /* extra spacing at bottom */
  -webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch; /* smooth scrolling for mobile */
}

/* Individual Cards */
.card {
  flex: 0 0 280px; /* fixed width for each card */
  scroll-snap-align: start;
  border: 1px solid #ddd;
  border-radius: 8px;
  overflow: hidden;
  background: #fff;
  box-shadow: 0 2px 6px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);
  transition: transform 0.2s ease;
}

.card:hover {
  transform: translateY(-5px);
}

.card img {
  width: 100%;
  display: block;
}

.card-body {
  padding: 15px;
}

.card h3 {
  margin-top: 0;
  margin-bottom: 10px;
}

.card p {
  margin-bottom: 10px;
}

.btn {
  display: inline-block;
  padding: 8px 15px;
  background: #007bff;
  color: white;
  text-decoration: none;
  border-radius: 4px;
}

.btn:hover {
  background: #0056b3;
}

/* Hide scrollbar in Webkit browsers */
.card-carousel::-webkit-scrollbar {
  display: none;
}

/* Desktop: show multiple cards */
@media (min-width: 768px) {
  .card-carousel {
    justify-content: flex-start;
  }

  .card {
    flex: 0 0 300px; /* slightly bigger cards */
  }
}
.text-gold {
    color: #0f0c01; /* readable gold */
    font-weight: bold;
    text-shadow: 1px 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.5); /* adds contrast */
}
.bg-col {
    position: relative;
    color: white;
    padding: 30px 20px;
    border-radius: 12px;
    min-height: 250px;
    overflow: hidden;
    text-align: center;
}

/* Blurred background */
.bg-col::before {
    content: "";
    position: absolute;
    top: -10%;
    left: -10%;
    width: 120%;
    height: 120%;
    background-size: contain;
    background-position: center;
    filter: blur(2px);      /* slightly stronger blur for better blending */
    transform: scale(1);    /* scale already accounted by top/left + width/height */
    z-index: 0;
    border-radius: 12px;
}

/* Text above background */
.bg-col > * {
    position: relative;
    z-index: 1;
}

/* Specific background images */
.bg-col1::before { background-image: url("static/art1.jpg"); }
.bg-col2::before { background-image: url("static/art2.jpg"); }
.bg-col3::before { background-image: url("static/art3.jpg"); }

/* Initial state: hidden and shifted left */
.slide-text {
    opacity: 0;
    transform: translateX(-100px); /* start 100px left */
    transition: all 0.8s ease-out;
}

/* Active state: visible and in place */
.slide-text.active {
    opacity: 1;
    transform: translateX(0);
}
/* Preview container */
.image-preview {
  position: fixed;
  pointer-events: none;
  z-index: 10000;
  opacity: 0;
  transform: scale(0.95);
  transition: opacity 0.2s ease, transform 0.2s ease;
}

.image-preview img {
  max-width: 420px;
  max-height: 300px;
  border-radius: 8px;
  box-shadow: 0 10px 30px rgba(0,0,0,0.4);
  background: #fff;
}

#world-map {
    height: 450px;
    width: 100%;
    border-radius: 12px;
    box-shadow: 0 0 20px rgba(0,0,0,0.4);
}